GDL ANSWERED CORE GUIDE
Our GDL Answered Core Guide is a set of notes for all seven of the substantive law conversion course subjects: Contract Law, Tort, Criminal Law, Land Law, Equity & Trusts, Constitutional & Administrative (Public) Law and EU Law. A detailed list of specific topics covered is below.
Each topic is addressed in one (or both) of two formats to match the way in which the PGDL course is examined:
as an explanation and summary of the topic. This is to help students understand the core points of complex topics in order to answer multiple choice questions; and/or
as a template answer to a “problem question”. This is to help students get straight to the point and answer long-form exam questions efficiently.
Our GDL Answered Core Modules Guide is comprehensively rewritten and updated each year by qualified lawyers with input from top students at a wide range of law schools, with our latest edition being available each September.
If you are studying the PGDL rather than the GDL, we have a separate PGDL Answered guide here (including a PGDL ULaw guide).
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GDL TOPICS COVERED
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Offer and Acceptance
Intention to Create Legal Relations, and Capacity
Consideration, Variation of Terms and Promissory Estoppel
Duress
Undue Influence
Terms: Express, Implied, Exemption Clauses, Interpretation and Unfair Terms
Misrepresentation
Privity and Third Party Rights
Mistake
Breach, Termination and Frustration
Remedies: Damages, Liquidated Sums, Penalties, Causation, Remoteness, Mitigation, Specific Performance and Injunctions.
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General Negligence
Duty of Care
Standard and Breach of Duty
Causation
Remoteness
General Defences
Remedies
Vicarious Liability
Employers’ Primary Liability
Psychiatric Injury
Pure Economic Loss
Torts Relating to Land
Private Nuisance
Public Nuisance
The Rule in Rylands v Fletcher
Occupiers’ Liability
Product Liability
Consumer Protection Act 1987
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Core Principles of Criminal Liability
Murder and Voluntary Manslaughter
Involuntary Manslaughter
Criminal Damage
Theft
Robbery and Burglary
Fraud
Non-Fatal Offences
Defences
Inchoate Offences
Multiple Parties
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The Trust Relationship
The Three Certainties
Beneficiaries
Trustees
Breach of Trust and Fiduciary Duty
Proprietary and Receipt-based Claims and Tracing
Creation of Private Express Trusts
Charitable Trusts
Trusts Arising by Operation of Law
Trusts of the Family Home
Proprietary Estoppel
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Estates in Land and the System of Registered Land
What is Land?
Mortgages
Easements
Freehold Covenants
Enforcement of Interets
Co-ownership of Land
Leases: Contents of a Lease
Leasehold Covenants and Remedies
Termination of a Lease
Enforceability of Leasehold Covenants
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Key Principles of the UK Constitution
The Workings of Parliament and Government
Parliamentary Sovereignty
Separation of Powers
Royal Prerogative
Rule of Law
Constitutional Essay Plans
European Institutions and Introduction to EU Law
EU Law and National Courts
EU Law in the UK after Brexit
Nature and Process of Judicial Review
The Four Grounds of Judicial Review: Illegality, Unreasonableness, Procedural Unfairness, Legitimate Expectation
The Equality Act 2010
Human Rights in the UK and Compatibility with the European Convention on Human Rights
Substantive Violations: Articles 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 & 10
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Sources of EU Law
Procedure
Supremacy, Direct Effect, Indirect Effect & State Liability
Free Movement of Goods
Free Movement of Workers & Persons
Sex Discrimination
Freedom of Establishment
Freedom to Provide ServicesCompetition Law under Articles 101 & 102, Mergers & Enforcement
Enforcement & Remedies
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